Understanding that acne is a disorder and pimples are among its manifestations is crucial.
Acne encompasses a skin condition that impacts hair follicles and oil glands.
Beneath the skin, pores are linked to glands producing sebum, an oily substance. These glands and pores connect via follicles, housing fine hairs that extend to the skin’s exterior.
As sebum combines with deceased skin cells, blockages develop within follicles. Bacteria within these blockages trigger inflammation, resulting in the emergence of red pimples as part of the acne condition.
What causes acne?
Although the precise causes of acne remain uncertain, specific factors have been identified that can trigger or exacerbate the condition, including:
- Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during puberty, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle.
- Engaging in the squeezing or picking of existing pimples.
- Excessive and forceful cleansing or scrubbing of the skin.
- Application of pressure from items like collars, hats, helmets, and backpack straps.
- Exposure to high levels of humidity.
- Usage of certain cosmetics, particularly oil-based products, sunscreen, and hair products.
- The influence of medications like corticosteroids and anabolic steroids.
- The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesTrusted Source states that common misconceptions linking stress and unclean skin to acne are not accurate.
- Additionally, it’s noteworthy that in the majority of individuals, consumption of greasy foods and chocolate does not contribute to the development of acne.
Acne symptoms
Various types of acne manifest with distinct symptoms, which include:
- Blackheads: These are pores on the skin’s surface that have become plugged, appearing open. They are characterized by the accumulation of debris.
- Whiteheads: These are plugged pores that are situated beneath the skin’s surface and remain closed. They often present as small, elevated bumps.
- Papules: These are small bumps that are tender, red, or pink in color. They are typically sensitive to touch.
- Pustules: Papules that are filled with pus on top, resulting in their distinctive appearance. They are often visible as raised, inflamed lesions.
- Nodules: These are substantial, painful lumps that develop deep beneath the skin’s surface. Nodules can be felt under the skin and are usually larger in size.
- Cysts: Cysts are characterized by the formation of painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin’s surface. They are often larger and more severe than other acne lesions.
Acne treatment
When dealing with acne, dermatologists often prescribe topical retinoids like topical tretinoin or adapalene. These retinoids have proven effective in managing acne symptoms and promoting skin health.
For other treatment options, the recommendations may vary based on the specific type of acne being addressed. In some cases, over-the-counter (OTC) medications are suggested. Common OTC acne medications feature active ingredients such as:
- Differin (adapalene 0.1 percent): This OTC topical retinol is commonly used.
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Salicylic acid: Though not frequently recommended in acne regimens
In addition to topical retinoids, prescription-based topical treatments are frequently employed in acne management. These may include:
- Antibiotics: Topical clindamycin is a common example.
- Azelaic acid
Prescription oral medications are also employed in addressing acne concerns. These can encompass:
- Anti-androgen agents: Spironolactone is sometimes used off-label.
- Antibiotics: Doxycycline may be used off-label.
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Isotretinoin
In conjunction with medication, or independently, your dermatologist might recommend therapy options. These therapies could entail:
- Chemical peel
- Light therapy: This includes treatments like photodynamic therapy or intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy.
Acne prevention
To proactively prevent acne or maintain manageable acne, there are numerous self-care measures you can adopt. Consider the following suggestions:
- Wash your face using mild facial cleanser and warm water.
- Choose noncomedogenic hair products, sunscreen, and makeup to minimize pore-clogging.
- Refrain from squeezing or picking at blemishes, as this can exacerbate inflammation.
- Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands, as well as your phone and hair.
- Maintain a balanced and healthy diet. Additionally, steer clear of skim milk and food items with a high glycemic load, as these factors can influence acne development.
Takeaway
Acne is a prevalent skin disorder, and pimples represent a symptom of this condition.
Although the precise causes of acne remain uncertain, there exist various self-care practices, over-the-counter (OTC) remedies, and prescription treatments that can aid in the reduction or elimination of both acne and the associated pimples.
